What counts as a disposal?
A disposal usually means selling an asset, but it can also include gifting it, exchanging it, or receiving compensation for it. Market value may be used for gifts and some sales below market value. Transfers between spouses or civil partners and inheritances have separate rules.
Capital Gains Tax rates and exemption
| Disposal | Rate |
|---|---|
| Most disposals up to 6 October 2026 | 33% |
| Most disposals from 7 October 2026 | 31% |
| Development land under the relevant rules | 33% |
The 31% standard rate took effect on Budget day. The Budget 2027 Ireland hub separates measures already effective from those beginning in 2027.
Individuals have a €1,270 annual personal exemption. It cannot be carried forward or transferred to another person.
How to calculate CGT
- Start with the sale proceeds or market value where required.
- Deduct the purchase cost and qualifying acquisition or disposal costs.
- Deduct qualifying enhancement expenditure.
- Set allowable losses against gains.
- Deduct the €1,270 personal exemption, then apply the correct rate.
Allowable costs can include solicitor and auctioneer fees on purchase or sale, and capital spending that added value to the asset. Normal running costs are not automatically CGT deductions.
Simple example
You sell shares after 7 October 2026 for €30,000. They cost €20,000 and you have €500 of allowable dealing costs. Your gain is €9,500. After the €1,270 annual exemption, the taxable gain is €8,230. At 31%, the CGT is €2,551.30, assuming no other gains, losses or reliefs.
Losses
Allowable capital losses are normally set against chargeable gains. Unused losses may generally be carried forward, but special restrictions can apply, including where shares are sold and repurchased within four weeks. Losses must be reported correctly to be available.
Payment and return deadlines
| Disposal date | CGT payment deadline |
|---|---|
| 1 January to 30 November | 15 December in the same year |
| 1 December to 31 December | 31 January in the following year |
The CGT return is generally due by 31 October in the year after the disposal. A return can still be required when no tax is due.
Shares, property and funds
Direct shares and investment property commonly fall within CGT, subject to exemptions and reliefs. A principal private residence may qualify for relief, while development land has its own rate and rules. Many funds and ETFs are taxed under investment-fund rules instead of ordinary CGT, so identify the product before calculating tax. See ETF tax, exit tax and deemed disposal explained.
The planned Investment Account uses a separate announced framework and is not available until July 2027 at the earliest.